Selenium WebDriver |

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Selenium WebDriver is the core component of Selenium. It provides APIs for interacting with browsers, allowing developers to control browsers and perform various operations using programming languages.

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Launching the Browser

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Selenium WebDriver supports multiple browsers (such as Chrome, Firefox, Edge, etc.).

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Before launching the browser, you need to download and configure the corresponding browser driver (such as ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver, etc.). For details, please refer to Selenium Installation.

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Code example for launching the browser (Python).

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In Selenium 4, the Service object was introduced to set the driver path. This approach is more flexible and aligns with Selenium 4's design specifications.

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Selenium 4 Example

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from selenium import webdriver\\n\\nfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService\\n\\nservice = ChromeService(executable_path="PATH_TO_DRIVER")\\n\\n options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()\\n\\n driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)

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1. Import the required modules (webdriver and ChromeService).
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2. Create a ChromeService object and specify the path to ChromeDriver.
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3. Create a ChromeOptions object to configure browser launch options.
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4. Use webdriver.Chrome() to launch the Chrome browser, passing the service and options parameters.
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In Selenium 3 and earlier versions, the driver path was typically set directly in webdriver.Chrome(), for example:

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Selenium 3 Example

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from selenium import webdriver\\n\\n# Set ChromeDriver path\\n\\n driver_path ="/path/to/chromedriver"\\n\\n# Launch Chrome browser\\n\\n driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)

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Closing the Browser

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Use the quit() method to close the browser and end the WebDriver session.

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driver.quit()

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Opening and Closing Webpages

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Use the get() method to open a specified URL.

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driver.get("https://www.example.com")

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Closing the Current Tab

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Use the close() method to close the current tab.

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driver.close()

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If there is only one tab, close() will close the entire browser.

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Browser Window Operations

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Maximizing the Window

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Use the maximize_window() method to maximize the browser window.

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driver.maximize_window()

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Minimizing the Window

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Use the minimize_window() method to minimize the browser window.

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driver.minimize_window()

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Setting Window Size

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Use the set_window_size(width, height) method to set the size of the browser window.

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driver.set_window_size(1024, 768) # Set window size to 1024x768 pixels

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Fullscreen Mode

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Use the fullscreen_window() method to set the browser window to fullscreen mode.

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driver.fullscreen_window()

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Page Navigation

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Forward and Backward Navigation

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Use the back() method to go back to the previous page.

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Use the forward() method to go forward to the next page.

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driver.get("https://www.baidu.com") driver.get("") driver.back() # Return to Baidu.com driver.forward() # Go forward to 

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Refreshing the Page

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Use the refresh() method to refresh the current page.

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driver.refresh()

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Getting Page Title and URL

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Getting the Page Title

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Use the title attribute to get the title of the current page.

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title = driver.title print("Page Title:", title)

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Getting the Current URL

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Use the current_url attribute to get the URL of the current page.

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url = driver.current_url print("Current URL:", url)

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Comprehensive Example

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The following is a complete example demonstrating how to launch a browser, open a webpage, manipulate windows, navigate pages, and retrieve page information:

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Example

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# Import required modules\\n\\nfrom selenium import webdriver\\n\\nfrom selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService\\n\\n# Set correct driver path\\n\\n service = ChromeService(executable_path="./chromedriver-mac-arm64/chromedriver")\\n\\n# Configure browser options\\n\\n options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()\\n\\n driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)\\n\\n# Open webpage\\n\\n driver.get("")\\n\\n# Maximize window\\n\\n driver.maximize_window()\\n\\n# Get Page Title and URL\\n\\nprint("Page Title:", driver.title)\\n\\nprint("Current URL:", driver.current_url)\\n\\n# Navigate to another page\\n\\n driver.get("https://www.jyshare.com")\\n\\n# Go back to previous page\\n\\n driver.back()\\n\\n# Refresh page\\n\\n driver.refresh()\\n\\n# Close browser\\n\\n driver.quit()

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After executing the above code, the following steps will be performed:

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• Launch the Chrome browser.
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• Open the specified webpage ().
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• Maximize the browser window.
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• Retrieve and print the page title and URL.
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• Navigate to another webpage (https://www.jyshare.com).
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• Go back to the previous page.
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• Refresh the current page.
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• Close the browser.
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The output will be:

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Page Title: - More than just technology, it's a dream! Current URL: