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* * * ASCII is the first character set (encoding standard) used among computers on the internet. ISO-8859-1 (the default in HTML 4.01) and UTF-8 (the default in HTML5) are both built upon ASCII. * * * ## ASCII Character Set ASCII stands for "American Standard Code for Information Interchange". It was designed in the early 1960s as a standard character set for computers and electronic devices. ASCII is a 7-bit character set, containing 128 characters. It supports digits 0-9, uppercase and lowercase English letters (a-z, A-Z), and some special characters. The character sets used in modern computers, in HTML, and on the internet are all based on ASCII. The following table lists the 128 ASCII characters and their corresponding HTML entity codes. * * * ## ASCII Printable Characters | Character | Number | Description | | --- | --- | --- | | | 32 | Space | | ! | 33 | Exclamation mark | | " | 34 | Quotation mark | | # | 35 | Number sign | | $ | 36 | Dollar sign | | % | 37 | Percent sign | | & | 38 | Ampersand | | ' | 39 | Apostrophe | | ( | 40 | Left parenthesis | | ) | 41 | Right parenthesis | | * | 42 | Asterisk | | + | 43 | Plus sign | | , | 44 | Comma | | - | 45 | Hyphen | | . | 46 | Period | | / | 47 | Slash | | 0 | 48 | Digit 0 | | 1 | 49 | Digit 1 | | 2 | 50 | Digit 2 | | 3 | 51 | Digit 3 | | 4 | 52 | Digit 4 | | 5 | 53 | Digit 5 | | 6 | 54 | Digit 6 | | 7 | 55 | Digit 7 | | 8 | 56 | Digit 8 | | 9 | 57 | Digit 9 | | : | 58 | Colon | | ; | 59 | Semicolon | | | 62 | Greater-than | | ? | 63 | Question mark | | @ | 64 | At sign | | A | 65 | Uppercase A | | B | 66 | Uppercase B | | C | 67 | Uppercase C | | D | 68 | Uppercase D | | E | 69 | Uppercase E | | F | 70 | Uppercase F | | G | 71 | Uppercase G | | H | 72 | Uppercase H | | I | 73 | Uppercase I | | J | 74 | Uppercase J | | K | 75 | Uppercase K | | L | 76 | Uppercase L | | M | 77 | Uppercase M | | N | 78 | Uppercase N | | O | 79 | Uppercase O | | P | 80 | Uppercase P | | Q | 81 | Uppercase Q | | R | 82 | Uppercase R | | S | 83 | Uppercase S | | T | 84 | Uppercase T | | U | 85 | Uppercase U | | V | 86 | Uppercase V | | W | 87 | Uppercase W | | X | 88 | Uppercase X | | Y | 89 | Uppercase Y | | Z | 90 | Uppercase Z | | [ | 91 | Left square bracket | | | 92 | Backslash | | ] | 93 | Right square bracket | | ^ | 94 | Caret | | _ | 95 | Underscore | | ` | 96 | Grave accent | | a | 97 | Lowercase a | | b | 98 | Lowercase b | | c | 99 | Lowercase c | | d | 100 | Lowercase d | | e | 101 | Lowercase e | | f | 102 | Lowercase f | | g | 103 | Lowercase g | | h | 104 | Lowercase h | | i | 105 | Lowercase i | | j | 106 | Lowercase j | | k | 107 | Lowercase k | | l | 108 | Lowercase l | | m | 109 | Lowercase m | | n | 110 | Lowercase n | | o | 111 | Lowercase o | | p | 112 | Lowercase p | | q | 113 | Lowercase q | | r | 114 | Lowercase r | | s | 115 | Lowercase s | | t | 116 | Lowercase t | | u | 117 | Lowercase u | | v | 118 | Lowercase v | | w | 119 | Lowercase w | | x | 120 | Lowercase x | | y | 121 | Lowercase y | | z | 122 | Lowercase z | | { | 123 | Left curly brace | | | | 124 | Vertical bar | | } | 125 | Right curly brace | | ~ | 126 | Tilde | * * * ## ASCII Device Control Characters ASCII control characters (00-31, plus 127) were originally designed to control hardware devices such as printers and tape drives. Control characters (except for horizontal tab, line feed, and carriage return) have no effect in HTML documents. | Character | Number | Description | | --- | --- | --- | | NUL | 00 | Null character | | SOH | 01 | Start of header | | STX | 02 | Start of text | | ETX | 03 | End of text | | EOT | 04 | End of transmission | | ENQ | 05 | Enquiry | | ACK | 06 | Acknowledge | | BEL | 07 | Bell | | BS | 08 | Backspace | | HT | 09 | Horizontal tab | | LF | 10 | Line feed | | VT | 11 | Vertical tab | | FF | 12 | Form feed | | CR | 13 | Carriage return | | SO | 14 | Shift out | | SI | 15 | Shift in | | DLE | 16 | Data link escape | | DC1 | 17 | Device control 1 | | DC2 | 18 | Device control 2 | | DC3 | 19 | Device control 3 | | DC4 | 20 | Device control 4 | | NAK | 21 | Negative acknowledge | | SYN | 22 | Synchronize | | ETB | 23 | End transmission block | | CAN | 24 | Cancel | | EM | 25 | End of medium | | SUB | 26 | Substitute | | ESC | 27 | Escape | | FS | 28 | File separator | | GS | 29 | Group separator | | RS | 30 | Record separator | | US | 31 | Unit separator | | | | | | DEL | 127 | Delete | * * * ## ASCII and Hexadecimal Conversion Reference Table Hex Code MCS Char or Abbreviation DEC Multinational Character Name ASCII Control Characters 1 00 NUL Null Character 01 SOH Start of Heading (Ctrl/A) 02 STX Start of Text (Ctrl/B) 03 ETX End of Text (Ctrl/C) 04 EOT End of Transmission (Ctrl/D) 05 ENQ Enquiry (Ctrl/E) 06 ACK Acknowledge (Ctrl/F) 07 BEL Bell (Ctrl/G) 08 BS Backspace (Ctrl/H) 09 HT Horizontal Tab (Ctrl/I) 0A LF Line Feed (Ctrl/J) 0B VT Vertical Tab (Ctrl/K) 0C FF Form Feed (Ctrl/L) 0D CR Carriage Return (Ctrl/M) 0E SO Shift Out (Ctrl/N) 0F SI Shift In (Ctrl/O) 10 DLE Data Link Escape (Ctrl/P) 11 DC1 Device Control 1 (Ctrl/Q) 12 DC2 Device Control 2 (Ctrl/R) 13 DC3 Device Control 3 (Ctrl/S) 14 DC4 Device Control 4 (Ctrl/T) 15 NAK Negative Acknowledge (Ctrl/U) 16 SYN Synchronous Idle (Ctrl/V) 17 ETB End of Transmission Block (Ctrl/W) 18 CAN Cancel (Ctrl/X) 19 EM End of Medium (Ctrl/Y) 1A SUB Substitute (Ctrl/Z) 1B ESC Escape 1C FS File Separator 1D GS Group Separator 1E RS Record Separator 1F US Unit Separator ASCII Special and Digits 20 SP Space 21! Exclamation Mark 22" Quotation Mark (Double Quote) 23# Number Sign 24$ Dollar Sign 25% Percent Sign 26& Ampersand 27' Apostrophe (Single Quote) 28( Left Parenthesis 29) Right Parenthesis 2A* Asterisk 2B+ Plus Sign 2C, Comma 2D- Hyphen or Minus Sign 2E. Period or Decimal Point 2F/ Slash 30 0 Zero 31 1 One 32 2 Two 33 3 Three 34 4 Four 35 5 Five 36 6 Six 37 7 Seven 38 8 Eight 39 9 Nine 3A: Colon 3B; Semicolon 3C Greater-Than 3F? Question Mark ASCII Letters 40@ Commercial At Sign 41 A Uppercase A 42 B Uppercase B 43 C Uppercase C 44 D Uppercase D 45 E Uppercase E 46 F Uppercase F 47 G Uppercase G 48 H Uppercase H 49 I Uppercase I 4A J Uppercase J 4B K Uppercase K 4C L Uppercase L 4D M Uppercase M 4E N Uppercase N 4F O Uppercase O 50 P Uppercase P 51 Q Uppercase Q 52 R Uppercase R 53 S Uppercase S 54 T Uppercase T 55 U Uppercase U 56 V Uppercase V 57 W Uppercase W 58 X Uppercase X 59 Y Uppercase Y 5A Z Uppercase Z 5B Right Square Bracket 5E^ Circumflex Accent 5F _ Underscore 60` Grave Accent 61 a Lowercase a 62 b Lowercase b 63 c Lowercase c 64 d Lowercase d 65 e Lowercase e 66 f Lowercase f 67 g Lowercase g 68 h Lowercase h 69 i Lowercase i 6A j Lowercase j 6B k Lowercase k 6C l Lowercase l 6D m Lowercase m 6E n Lowercase n 6F o Lowercase o 70 p Lowercase p 71 q Lowercase q 72 r Lowercase r 73 s Lowercase s 74 t Lowercase t 75 u Lowercase u 76 v Lowercase v 77 w Lowercase w 78 x Lowercase x 79 y Lowercase y 7A z Lowercase z 7B{ Left Curly Brace 7C| Vertical Line 7D} Right Curly Brace (ALTMODE) 7E~ Tilde (ALTMODE) 7F DEL Delete Control Characters 80 81 82 83 84 IND Index 85 NEL Next Line 86 SSA Start of Selected Area 87 ESA End of Selected Area 88 HTS Horizontal Tab Set 89 HTJ Horizontal Tab Justified 8A VTS Vertical Tab Set 8B PLD Partial Line Down 8C PLU Partial Line Up 8D RI Reverse Index 8E SS2 Single Shift 2 8F SS3 Single Shift 3 90 DCS Device Control String 91 PU1 Private Use 1 92 PU2 Private Use 2 93 STS Set Transmit State 94 CCH Cancel Character 95 MW Message Waiting 96 SPA Start of Protected Area 97 EPA End of Protected Area 98 99 9A 9B CSI Control Sequence Introducer 9C ST String Terminator 9D OSC Operating System Command 9E PM Privacy Message 9F APC Application Program Command Other Characters A0 2 A1? Inverted Exclamation Mark A2? Cent Sign A3? Pound Sign A4 2 A5? Yen Sign A6 2 A7§ Section Sign A8¤ Generic Currency Sign 2 A9? Copyright Sign AA? Feminine Ordinal Indicator AB? Left-Pointing Double Angle Quotation Mark AC 2 AD 2 AE 2 AF 2 B0° Degree Sign B1± Plus-Minus Sign B2? Superscript Two B3? Superscript Three B4 2 B5? Micro Sign B6? Paragraph Sign, Pilcrow B7· Middle Dot B8 2 B9? Superscript One BA? Masculine Ordinal Indicator BB? Right-Pointing Double Angle Quotation Mark BC? Vulgar Fraction One Quarter BD? Vulgar Fraction One Half BE 2 BF? Inverted Question Mark C0? Uppercase A with Grave C1? Uppercase A with Acute C2? Uppercase A with Circumflex C3? Uppercase A with Tilde C4? Uppercase A with Diaeresis C5? Uppercase A with Ring Above C6? Uppercase AE Ligature C7? Uppercase C with Cedilla C8? Uppercase E with Grave C9? Uppercase E with Acute CA? Uppercase E with Circumflex CB? Uppercase E with Diaeresis CC? Uppercase I with Grave CD? Uppercase I with Acute CE? Uppercase I with Circumflex CF? Uppercase I with Diaeresis D0 2 D1? Uppercase N with Tilde D2? Uppercase O with Grave D3? Uppercase O with Acute D4? Uppercase O with Circumflex D5? Uppercase O with Tilde D6? Uppercase O with Diaeresis D7 OE Uppercase OE Ligature 2 D8? Uppercase O with Stroke D9? Uppercase U with Grave DA? Uppercase U with Acute DB? Uppercase U with Circumflex DC? Uppercase U with Diaeresis DD Y Uppercase Y with Diaeresis DE 2 DF? Lowercase Sharp S E0 à Lowercase a with Grave E1 á Lowercase a with Acute E2? Lowercase a with Circumflex E3? Lowercase a with Tilde E4? Lowercase a with Diaeresis E5? Lowercase a with Ring Above E6? Lowercase ae Ligature E7? Lowercase c with Cedilla E8 è Lowercase e with Grave E9 é Lowercase e with Acute EA ê Lowercase e with Circumflex EB? Lowercase e with Diaeresis EC ì Lowercase i with Grave ED í Lowercase i with Acute EE? Lowercase i with Circumflex EF? Lowercase i with Diaeresis F0 2 F1? Lowercase n with Tilde F2 ò Lowercase o with Grave F3 ó Lowercase o with Acute F4? Lowercase o with Circumflex F5? Lowercase o with Tilde F6? Lowercase o with Diaeresis F7 oe Lowercase oe Ligature 2 F8? Lowercase o with Stroke F9 ù Lowercase u with Grave FA ú Lowercase u with Acute FB? Lowercase u with Circumflex FC ü Lowercase u with Diaeresis FD? Lowercase y with Diaeresis 2 FE 2 FF 2