YouTipRef Html 8859
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## ISO-8859-1
In HTML 4.01, ISO-8859-1 is the default character set.
ISO (International Standards Organization) defines standard character sets for different alphabets/languages.
Different variants of ISO-8859 are listed at the bottom of this page.
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## ISO 8859-1 and ASCII
The first part of ISO-8859-1 (entity numbers 0-127) is the original ASCII character set. It includes digits, uppercase and lowercase English letters, and some special characters.
For a deeper understanding of ASCII, see the (#).
In ISO-8859-1, codes 128 to 159 are unused, but many browsers will display characters from the ANSI (Windows-1252) character set instead of displaying nothing.
For a deeper understanding of ASCII, see the (#).
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## ISO 8859-1 Symbols
The second part of ISO-8859-1 (codes 160-191) contains commonly used special characters.
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Non-breaking space |
| ¡ | ¡ | ¡ | Inverted exclamation mark |
| ¢ | ¢ | ¢ | Cent |
| £ | £ | £ | Pound |
| ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | Currency |
| ¥ | ¥ | ¥ | Yen |
| ¦ | ¦ | ¦ | Broken vertical bar |
| § | § | § | Section |
| ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | Spacing diaeresis |
| © | © | © | Copyright |
| ª | ª | ª | Feminine ordinal indicator |
| « | « | « | Angle quotation mark (left) |
| ¬ | ¬ | ¬ | Negation |
| | | | Soft hyphen |
| ® | ® | ® | Registered trademark |
| ¯ | ¯ | ¯ | Spacing macron |
| ° | ° | ° | Degree |
| ± | ± | ± | Plus-or-minus |
| ² | ² | ² | Superscript 2 |
| ³ | ³ | ³ | Superscript 3 |
| ´ | ´ | ´ | Spacing acute |
| µ | µ | µ | Micro |
| ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | Paragraph |
| · | · | · | Middle dot |
| ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | Spacing cedilla |
| ¹ | ¹ | ¹ | Superscript 1 |
| º | º | º | Masculine ordinal indicator |
| » | » | » | Angle quotation mark (right) |
| ¼ | ¼ | ¼ | Fraction 1/4 |
| ½ | ½ | ½ | Fraction 1/2 |
| ¾ | ¾ | ¾ | Fraction 3/4 |
| ¿ | ¿ | ¿ | Inverted question mark |
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## ISO 8859-1 Characters
The last part of ISO-8859-1 (codes 192-255, except 215 and 247) contains characters used in Western European countries.
| Character | Entity Number | Entity Name | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| À | À | À | Uppercase A, grave accent |
| Á | Á | Á | Uppercase A, acute accent |
| Â | Â | Â | Uppercase A, circumflex accent |
| Ã | Ã | Ã | Uppercase A, tilde |
| Ä | Ä | Ä | Uppercase A, umlaut mark |
| Å | Å | Å | Uppercase A, ring |
| Æ | Æ | Æ | Uppercase AE |
| Ç | Ç | Ç | Uppercase C, cedilla |
| È | È | È | Uppercase E, grave accent |
| É | É | É | Uppercase E, acute accent |
| Ê | Ê | Ê | Uppercase E, circumflex accent |
| Ë | Ë | Ë | Uppercase E, umlaut mark |
| Ì | Ì | Ì | Uppercase I, grave accent |
| Í | Í | Í | Uppercase I, acute accent |
| Î | Î | Î | Uppercase I, circumflex accent |
| Ï | Ï | Ï | Uppercase I, umlaut mark |
| Ð | Ð | Ð | Uppercase Icelandic eth |
| Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | Uppercase N, tilde |
| Ò | Ò | Ò | Uppercase O, grave accent |
| Ó | Ó | Ó | Uppercase O, acute accent |
| Ô | Ô | Ô | Uppercase O, circumflex accent |
| Õ | Õ | Õ | Uppercase O, tilde |
| Ö | Ö | Ö | Uppercase O, umlaut mark |
| × | × | × | Multiplication |
| Ø | Ø | Ø | Uppercase O, slash |
| Ù | Ù | Ù | Uppercase U, grave accent |
| Ú | Ú | Ú | Uppercase U, acute accent |
| Û | Û | Û | Uppercase U, circumflex accent |
| Ü | Ü | Ü | Uppercase U, umlaut mark |
| Ý | Ý | Ý | Uppercase Y, acute accent |
| Þ | Þ | Þ | Uppercase Icelandic thorn |
| ß | ß | ß | Lowercase German sharp s |
| à | à | à | Lowercase a, grave accent |
| á | á | á | Lowercase a, acute accent |
| â | â | â | Lowercase a, circumflex accent |
| ã | ã | ã | Lowercase a, tilde |
| ä | ä | ä | Lowercase a, umlaut mark |
| å | å | å | Lowercase a, ring |
| æ | æ | æ | Lowercase ae |
| ç | ç | ç | Lowercase c, cedilla |
| è | è | è | Lowercase e, grave accent |
| é | é | é | Lowercase e, acute accent |
| ê | ê | ê | Lowercase e, circumflex accent |
| ë | ë | ë | Lowercase e, umlaut mark |
| ì | ì | ì | Lowercase i, grave accent |
| í | í | í | Lowercase i, acute accent |
| î | î | î | Lowercase i, circumflex accent |
| ï | ï | ï | Lowercase i, umlaut mark |
| ð | ð | ð | Lowercase Icelandic eth |
| ñ | ñ | ñ | Lowercase n, tilde |
| ò | ò | ò | Lowercase o, grave accent |
| ó | ó | ó | Lowercase o, acute accent |
| ô | ô | ô | Lowercase o, circumflex accent |
| õ | õ | õ | Lowercase o, tilde |
| ö | ö | ö | Lowercase o, umlaut mark |
| ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | Division |
| ø | ø | ø | Lowercase o, slash |
| ù | ù | ù | Lowercase u, grave accent |
| ú | ú | ú | Lowercase u, acute accent |
| û | û | û | Lowercase u, circumflex accent |
| ü | ü | ü | Lowercase u, umlaut mark |
| ý | ý | ý | Lowercase y, acute accent |
| þ | þ | þ | Lowercase Icelandic thorn |
| ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | Lowercase y, umlaut mark |
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## ISO-8859 Variants
| Character Set | Description | Coverage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ISO-8859-1 | Latin alphabet part 1 | North America, Europe, Latin America, Caribbean, Canada, Africa |
| ISO-8859-2 | Latin alphabet part 2 | Eastern Europe |
| ISO-8859-3 | Latin alphabet part 3 | SE Europe, Esperanto, miscellaneous others |
| ISO-8859-4 | Latin alphabet part 4 | Scandinavia, Baltics (and others not in ISO-8859-1) |
| ISO-8859-5 | Latin/Cyrillic part 5 | Languages using Cyrillic alphabet, such as Bulgarian, Belarusian, Russian, and Macedonian |
| ISO-8859-6 | Latin/Arabic part 6 | Languages using Arabic alphabet |
| ISO-8859-7 | Latin/Greek part 7 | Modern Greek and mathematical symbols from Greece |
| ISO-8859-8 | Latin/Hebrew part 8 | Languages using Hebrew alphabet |
| ISO-8859-9 | Latin 5 part 9 | Turkish. Same as ISO-8859-1 except for replacing Icelandic characters with Turkish characters |
| ISO-8859-10 | Latin 6 Lappish, Nordic, Eskimo | Nordic languages |
| ISO-8859-15 | Latin 9, aka Latin 0 | Similar to ISO 8859-1, but replaces some uncommon symbols with the Euro sign and other missing characters |
| ISO-2022-JP | Latin/Japanese part 1 | Japanese |
| ISO-2022-JP-2 | Latin/Japanese part 2 | Japanese |
| ISO-2022-KR | Latin/Korean part 1 | Korean |