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HTML(5) Coding Conventions
HTML Code Conventions
Many Web developers know little about HTML code conventions.
Between 2000 and 2010, many Web developers switched from HTML to XHTML.
Developers who used XHTML developed good HTML coding habits.
For HTML5, we should follow good code conventions. Here are some suggestions:
Use Correct Document Type
The document type declaration is on the first line of an HTML document:
If you want to use lowercase like other tags, you can use:
Use Lowercase Element Names
HTML5 element names can use uppercase and lowercase letters.
Recommended: use lowercase letters:
Mixed case styles are very bad.
Developers typically use lowercase (like XHTML).
Lowercase looks cleaner.
Lowercase is easier to write.
Not recommended:
Very bad:
Recommended:
Close All HTML Elements
In HTML5, you don't have to close all elements (like
elements), but we recommend adding closing tags to every element.
Not recommended:
This is a paragraph.
This is a paragraph.
Recommended:
This is a paragraph.
This is a paragraph.
Close Empty HTML Elements
In HTML5, empty HTML elements don't have to be closed:
We can write:
Or we can write:
In XHTML and XML, the slash (/) is required.
If you expect XML software to use your pages, this style is good to use.
Use Lowercase Attribute Names
HTML5 attribute names allow uppercase and lowercase letters.
We recommend using lowercase attribute names:
Using both uppercase and lowercase is a bad habit.
Developers typically use lowercase (like XHTML).
Lowercase looks cleaner.
Lowercase is easier to write.
Not recommended:
YouTip
Define image dimensions to reserve specified space during loading, reducing flicker.